International Amateur Radio Union Region 1 Working for the future of amateur radio
国際アマチュア無線連合 リージョン 1 アマチュア無線の未来のために
23cm band and the RNSS WRC23 AI 9.1b
23cmバンドとRNSS WRC23 AI 9.1b
10th September 2022 VHF+ Committee
2022 年 9 月 10 日 VHF+委員会
Attention Member Societies!
加盟団体は注目されたし!
Having been deeply involved in the regulatory work described below it is the opinion of the IARU that for many national authorities the 23cm band WRC23
agenda item 9.1b topic has a very low priority. Many are taking a “generic” stance stating their support for studies without considering the detail of the
work or howit is moving forward. Therefore the IARU requests that Member Societies urgently put this issue on the agenda with their national authorities to
discuss the views laid out below.
The IARU view is that the potential for widespread or persistent interference to the radio-navigation satellite service (RNSS) from amateur service
transmitters is over-stated. However, recognising the regulatory situation, the IARU and the amateur community are ready to accommodate any technical or
operational measures deemed necessary on the amateur services so long as they are proportionate, reasonable and evidence based.
The IARU believes that a careful compromise needs to be found in the outcome of the work and the execution of WRC-23 agenda item 9.1b, that properly takes
account of the low liklihood of interference events occurring whilst allowing both the amateur services and the RNSS to develop in the band.
The IARU stresses the opportunity that the higher frequency amateur service bands enable for technical skills development for researching and experiencing
radio propagation effects. The 1 240 – 1 300 MHz band is important for the amateur radio service, being the lowest allocation for radio amateurs on which
typical microwave propagation can be experienced. Access to these frequencies is facilitated by commercially available equipment and provides a ‘bridge’
building motivation to become involved in more specialized higher frequency microwave and millimeter wave operations providing the self-training which is at the
heart of amateur radio.
The amateur community cannot avoid the studies taking place and the IARU supports the work in both the ITU-R as well as the regional telecommunications
organisations (RTO’s) through participation and contribution to the work. The key ITU-R groups dealing with the study work are Working Parties (WP) 5A and 4C
under Study Groups 5 and 4 respecticvely. WP4C is carrying out the studies but WP5A has the overall responsibility for providing the outcome for the WRC.
The ITU-R studies are using parametric information provided by the amateur radio community to consider a number of scenarios reflecting typical amateur
station operation. These include:
a) Terrestrial “point to point” operation between geographically distant amateur stations. b) EME (earth-moon-earth) operations between suitably
equipped amateur stations.c) Amateur satellite uplink operations in 1260-1270 MHz. d) Repeater station operation.
In the cases a) and d) both narrowband and broadband applications (e.g. amateur TV) are being considered.
a) 地理的に離れたアマチュア局間の地上「ポイントツーポイント」運用。 b)
適切に装備されたアマチュア局間の EME (地球-月-地球) 運用。 c) 1260-1270 MHz
でのアマチュア衛星アップリンク運用。 d) レピーター局運用。
a) と d) の場合、狭帯域と広帯域の両方のアプリケーション (アマチュア TV など) が検討されています。
In general the IARU supports the direction of the work, but it has concerns about some aspects of the studies.
基本的に、IARUは作業の方向性は支持しますが、検証のいくつかの側面について懸念を有しています。
Generally, radio system coexistence studies take account of the probabilities of interference through repeated Monte-Carlo style deployment simulations that
build up a statisitical picture of received signal levels. The studies have so far focussed on evaluting the distances over which a signal from an amateur
transmitter operating at a given power level might exceed a RNSS receiver “protection critieria”. This is a static assessment of the distances over which
the receiver protection threshold for the RNSS receivers might be exceeded based on propagation loss predictions using the most appropriate ITU-R model.
They do not take any account of the dynamic aspects of amateur or RNSS operation such as:
a) Frequent variation of the amateur station antenna pointing angle for the most popular applications. b) The effect of amateur station transmitting
activity factor on the liklihood of causing interference. c) The low and varying density of amateur station locations even at the busiest times. d) The
mobile nature of many of the RNSS users.
以下のようなアマチュアまたは RNSS 操作の動的な側面が考慮されていません。
a) 最も一般的な運用において、アマチュア局のアンテナの指向角度は頻繁に変動すること。 b)
干渉を引き起こす可能性に対するアマチュア局送信活動要素の影響。 c)
最も忙しい時間でも、アマチュア局の運用地の密度は低く、ばらつきがあること。 d) 多くの RNSS
ユーザーは移動するという性質。
The IARU believes it is important that these variables and the probabilistic aspect of their impact needs to be considered in order to gain an accurate
picture of not only the interference signal level but also the liklihood that it could occur at any given location. Without this the IARU believes that the
potential for interference to RNSS users and its persistence is not likely to be fully understood thereby over-stating the impact of amateur radio operations on
RNSS receivers.
Considering 1240-1300 MHz amateur band usage information
1240~1300MHzのアマチュアバンド利用についての情報を検討する
This band offers challenges to radio amateurs that require specialised knowledge and operational techniques to enable successful communications. In order to
motivate activities and increase the chances of success, scheduled periods of operation are commonly defined which in most cases are competitive in nature.
These defined periods create the busiest times for amateur operations in specific parts of the band and provide a source of information that can be used to
assess the numbers of actively transmitting amateur stations during these busy times and the extent of the busy periods. (Information Paper).
a) Narrowband applications (including EME operations) focus on the 1296-1298 MHz part of the band. b) Broadband (ATV usually) takes place in the
specific frequency blocks identified for ATV in the regional band plans. c) Seperate activity periods are identified for narrowband terrestrial activity,
EME activity and broadband ATV activity.
次のことが認識されるべきです。
a) 狭帯域アプリケーション (EME 運用を含む) は、バンド内の 1296 ~ 1298 MHzの 部分に集中しています。 b)
ブロードバンド (通常は ATV) は、地域の帯域計画で ATV 用に指定された特定の周波数ブロックで行われます。 c)
狭帯域の地上波運用、EME 運用、および広帯域 ATV 運用の活動期間は、それぞれ別と認識されています。
Having consulted the published information regarding these events it can be seen that in any country in any single year:
a) Total narrowband ‘busy hour’ activity period = 108 hours (1.2% of a year). b) Total EME ‘busy hour’ activity period = 120 hours (1.4% of a
year). c) Total wideband ‘busy hour’ activity period = 120 hours (1.4% of a year).
これらの出来事に関して公開された情報を参照すると、どの国でもどの年でも次のことがわかります。
a) ナローバンドの「最繁時」アクティビティ期間の合計 = 108 時間 (1 年の 1.2%)。 b) EME
の「最繁時」活動期間の合計 = 120 時間 (1 年の 1.4%)。 c) ワイドバンドの「最繁時」アクティビティ期間の合計 = 120
時間 (1 年の 1.4%)。
Item a) attracts the highest level of activity and in the “busiest” countries surveyed the total number of active stations ranges from just 9 to 140
maximum depending on the country. The figures have been derived using published data from a number of countries with well developed amateur communities.
項目 a)
は最高レベルの活動を取り上げており、調査対象とした中で「最も忙しい」国々でも、アクティブな局の総数は、国によってわずか
9 から最大 140 の範囲です。この数値は、アマチュア
コミュニティが十分に発達している多くの国から公開されたデータを使用して導き出されたものです。
The IARU also believes that it is important that these aspects are also considered when the potential for interference to RNSS users and its persistence is
being considered to avoid over-stating the impact of amateur radio operations on RNSS receivers.
– B. Lewis (G4SJH)、IARU R1 SLRC (スペクトル委員会) 委員長 メールアドレス:barryplewis@btinternet.com
Background and IARU Position
背景と IARU の立場
The amateur band 1240-1300 MHz is the subject of the ITU-R World Radio Conference 23 (WRC-23) agenda item 9.1b. The ITU-R WRC is the only body empowered to
agree changes to the international Radio Regulations which document the global allocation of frequencies to the various radiocommunication services along with
any specific inter-service conditions to avoid interference between services. The WRC participants comprise national delegations of government officials as well
as observer organizations who can attend independently or maybe within a national delegation. Only the national delegations hold the conference “voting
rights” but all decisions on the Radio Regulations require full consensus.
Each conference (roughly every four years) sets the agenda for the next and in the intervening period a program of studies is initiated in the ITU-R study
groups to consider the specific agenda item and how it may be resolved at the conference. The outcome might be for example, new allocations to specific services
in the Radio Regulations if the studies have confirmed that spectrum sharing is possible. The way of working and the process within the ITU-R on all these
aspects is very formal.
For WRC23 agenda item 9.1b the focus is on spectrum band coexistence between the amateur (including amateur satellite) service and the radionavigation
satellite service (RNSS) receivers across the range 1240-1300 MHz. In this band the RNSS allocation is on a “primary” status whereas the amateur allocation
is on a“secondary” basis. The studies have examined the various amateur radio applications in the band and are evaluating the potential for interference to
RNSS receivers. The studies will be used to determine the need for technical or operational measures needed to protect the RNSS receivers from interference from
amateur radio activities in the band.
The 1240-1300 MHz band is known as the E6 band by the RNSS proponents and is just one band from several used by these technologies and different
systems.
The following is the preliminary IARU position that has been communicated to the conference preparatory work in ITU-R as well as the regional preparatory
bodies:
“During many years of operational experience, the secondary amateur and amateur satellite services have successfully co-existed with all the primary
services in the range 1240-1300 MHz with very few issues. In cases where certain applications (in particular wide bandwidth, high duty cycle applications) could
increase the potential for interference, careful spectrum management and national licensing conditions have minimised any risk. Radio amateurs have successfully
co-existed and innovated in this frequency range for many years and IARU believes that the regulatory status of the amateur and amateur satellite services in
this range is already clear. Therefore any additional regulatory, operational or technical measures incorporated into the Radio Regulations are unnecessary. Any
recommendations resulting from studies under Resolution 774 can be applied on a national basis and should be based on realistic assumptions,proportionate in
scope and carefully justified so as not to unnecessarily inhibit development of the amateur services.”
私が指定されたの1階の部屋。バルコニーはありませんが、裏庭に直結しており、アンテナを建てるには、2階よりむしろ好都合でした。急逝されたJA8CCL木下さんの会社、今は無きElectrodesign社から購入した Super Antenna社のMP-1
(先端のロッドアンテナを長いものに交換済み)を立てます。